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Forge Report: First Half Threat Trends of 2024




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US Bans China Unicom Americas
On January 27th, 2022, the FCC ordered China Unicom Americas to cease its services in the US within 60 days, citing national security risks. The decision highlights concerns over potential espionage and harmful activities facilitated by the company's Chinese government ownership.
Midas Ransomware
Sophos reported a Midas ransomware attack on a technology vendor in December 2021. The attackers were active in the network for over two months, with the earliest compromise found on October 13th, 2021. Exploiting a flat network topology with no segmentation, the attackers used AnyDesk and TeamViewer for lateral movement. They also crafted and installed PowerShell scripts as services before deploying the ransomware. Key activities included using Process Hacker to identify processes, Mimikatz for credential harvesting, and exfiltrating data to a cloud service. Ransomware deployment occurred on December 7th, 2021.
OiVaVoii Threat Campaign
ProofPoint has tracked the OiVaVoii threat campaign since January 2022, using hijacked Office 365 tenants to send malicious OAuth applications to high-level executives. These apps allow attackers to obtain OAuth tokens and take over accounts. Microsoft has blocked four of the five identified apps, three of which were "Verified."
New Device Registration Tactic
Microsoft reports attackers exploiting unregistered devices for MFA to register on Azure AD. Using phishing campaigns to steal credentials, they gain access and expand their foothold in targeted organizations, primarily in Australia, Singapore, Indonesia, and Thailand. Over 100 mailboxes with specific Outlook rule entries were identified.
Lazarus Uses Windows Update Client
The Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence team identified a new Lazarus campaign, active since January 18, 2022. Lazarus targets defense industry professionals with fake job offers from companies like Lockheed Martin and Boeing. The campaign uses process injections and GitHub as its C2. One notable technique involves leveraging the Windows Update client to run a malicious DLL from an LNK file, evading security detection. Another variant uses mshta to execute a remote HTML page upon macro execution.
Log4Shell and Coinminers
BlackBerry Research & Intelligence and Incident Response (IR) discovered Prophet Spider exploiting the Log4j vulnerability (Log4Shell) on the VMware Horizon platform. Attacks were detected by monitoring child processes of ws_TomcatService.exe, which led to the execution of PowerShell or cmd scripts. Post-exploitation, additional tools were downloaded using PowerShell commands or curl. Persistence was achieved through scheduled tasks and web shells, with cleanup efforts observed to remove indicators.

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