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Forge Report: First Half Threat Trends of 2024
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Phishing with World Health Organization Themes
ProofPoint identifies a phishing campaign using World Health Organization themes to distribute the Nerbian remote access trojan (RAT). Starting April 26th, 2022, the campaign targets entities in Italy, Spain, and the UK. Emails contain malicious documents that, once executed, deploy the RAT and establish persistence for further payloads.
Increased Threats to Managed Service Providers
The Five Eyes intelligence alliance, comprising the US, UK, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, has issued a warning to managed service providers (MSPs) about rising cyber threats. These threats, including ransomware and cyber espionage, often exploit the trust relationships between MSPs and their customers. The advisory recommends hardening defenses, enabling MFA, segregating networks, and regularly updating and backing up systems to mitigate risks.
German Automotive Sector Targeted with Info-Stealer Campaign
Check Point has uncovered an information-stealing malware campaign targeting 14 German automotive organizations, including dealerships and manufacturers. Since July 2021, attackers have used phishing emails with ISO files to bypass security measures, delivering malware like Raccoon, AZORult, and BitRAT. The campaign, with infrastructure linked to Iran, steals personal and financial information, possibly for espionage or business fraud.
Bitter APT Targets Bangladesh
Cisco Talos reports that the Bitter APT group has been targeting the Bangladesh government since August 2021, marking a shift from their usual targets in China, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. The campaign uses spear-phishing emails containing malicious Word documents that exploit Microsoft vulnerabilities like CVE-2017-11882. The ZxxZ trojan, disguised as a Windows Security update, is deployed to conduct cyber espionage, with capabilities including remote code execution and system information discovery. The threat actor uses Zimbra and JavaMail to send the phishing emails.
Operation CuckooBees
Cybereason's Operation CuckooBees uncovered a Chinese state-sponsored cyber espionage campaign by the Winnti APT group, targeting intellectual property in industries such as Aerospace, Biotechnology, Defense, Energy, and Pharmaceuticals. The campaign has impacted companies globally since at least 2019, exploiting common vulnerabilities like unpatched systems and lack of multi-factor authentication.
IceApple Post-Exploitation Toolset
CrowdStrike Falcon OverWatch team discovered the IceApple post-exploitation toolset in late 2021. Mainly targeting Microsoft Exchange servers, IceApple can affect any IIS web application. With at least 18 in-memory modules, it is designed for long-term espionage and may be linked to Chinese state-sponsored actors. The toolset facilitates credential harvesting, reconnaissance, and data exfiltration, with attackers revisiting networks regularly to maintain access. Organizations are advised to keep web applications updated and patched to defend against IceApple.
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